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Soil Conservation

Soil Health is defined as the ability of the soil to sustain the productivity, diversity, and environmental services of terrestrial ecosystems. The intensification of agriculture with modern technology has deteriorated the capacity of soil to maintain its functions, affecting long-term productivity and causing a loss of ecosystem services. Land cultivation removes topsoil, destroys soil aggregate structure, and exposes SOC (soil organic carbon) to oxidation, it could possibly affect nutrient availability and soil physical properties. In addition, burning stubble harms physical, chemical, and biological properties, decreases SOM (soil organic matter), also contributes to GHG (Green House Gas) emissions. Furthermore, in the middle of the last century crop rotation as a practice reverted to monocultures due to a heavy reliance on inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, improved crop varieties, and, in some cases, economic considerations. All of these eventually resulted in land degradation and the loss of SOM.

Minimum tillage combined with residue retention in a double-cropping system is the most promising management strategy for increasing SOC stocks in croplands because of the increased organic matter. Increased carbon in soil is considered to be an active storage pool of C due to its capacity to store three times more carbon than the atmosphere and a solution for mitigating climate change. In addition no tillage system estimated to produce comparatively less N2O emissions than conventional tillage systems in the long term. As well as matching N supply to crop demand, in conjunction with animal waste and residue management, can reduce N2O emissions.

Regenerative Agriculture

Improving soil health by increasing organic matter and boosting its fertility and productivity is the primary focus of Regenerative agriculture. It is a farming system abide by principles and practices that increases biodiversity, enriches soils, capture carbon in the soil and aboveground biomass (plants). At the same time, it offers increased yields, resilience to climate instability. Hence we uses soil conservation as the entry point to regenerate and contribute to multiple provisioning, regulating and supporting services, with the objective that this will enhance not only the environmental, but also the social and economic dimensions of sustainable food production”.

Carbon Sequestration

Soil disturbance due to extensive tillage causes carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes to the atmosphere and water resources as well as deforestation, fire, land use conversion, and erosion also attributed to a loss of SOC. Wind erosion is a serious problem in soils with fewer clay and silt particles, and can result in a 3% loss of carbon stocks up to a 1 m soil depth. Regenerative agriculture helps to sequester and/or retain carbon in the soil and improves soil biology. SOC in the first 30–40 cm of soil in all land uses could absorb a significant amount of CO2 emitted due to human activities, with the co-benefits of improving soil health and food security. Increased SOC can lead to a higher crop yield, which can be attributed to increased plant available water holding capacity and N availability, particularly in N-deficient soils. A significant increase in SOC is expected 6–10 years after a change in management practices (No tillage and rotational complexity), with an equilibrium reached after 15–20 years under constant weather conditions.

High Density Farming

Cropland expansion and intensification provide growth in agriculture production. However the consecutive outcome was utterly beyond our comprehension. According to FAO report in 2021, Global cropland area had increased by 63 million ha, whereas forest land declined by 94 million ha. Even though millions of people had saved from starvation, millions of hectors of natural ecosystems had been converted to agriculture since 1960s. It had instigated us to “High density vertical farming in scaled down spaces” where 20 to more seedlings are planted in a place instead of one plant.

Group farming

Mankind should aware of where food begins concurrently with what he or she eats, so that he or she could ensure its quality but we humans compromise these necessities upon lack of time and space for arable land. Group farming allows multiple farmers to run their holdings as a joint enterprises.

Urban Regen Forest

Invasive plants that do not occur naturally in region but proliferate in the area they have been introduced into and may cause several negative impacts including biodiversity loss. Human ignorance can also be count as one of the reason for the disappearance of vast varieties of our native species. Urban regen forest provide a platform for re-inhabitation of native plant species in scaled down spaces of urban areas.